How to conduct wiring in the house - step by step instructions

The process consists of several main stages:

• choice of laying method (open, hidden);
• creating a schema;
• marking work;
• selection of constituent elements;
• direct wiring;
• obtaining permission to connect to the local power grid.

On the example of a new house, we will consider how to independently conduct electrical wiring.

Choosing the type of electrical installation

The first thing you need to start with is to decide on how to install the line. To date, open and hidden type wiring is used.Open wiring It is a fastening of all constituent elements over the finished walls (routes are laid in special cable channels).

Open line routing

The advantage is as follows:

• the damaged area can be repaired without any problems (no need to cut the wallpaper, destroy the plastered walls, etc.);
• simpler installation and preparatory work (no need ditch the walls for electrical wiring in home);
• convenient to add new branch points.

The disadvantages of this installation method are one - very often does not fit into the general interior of the rooms as cable channels have a not too attractive appearance.

Hidden wiring in the house is more popular. In this case, wires and cables are laid in the walls, for this purpose, gates are drilled - grooves in the walls, ceiling and floor, or behind a suspended ceiling and wall cladding.

Advantage:

• Do not spoil the interior of the rooms with their appearance;
• it is fireproof;
• cheaper than outdoor.
• the probability of damage is much less;
• high durability of all elements.

Among the shortcomings are:

• complexity of repair and maintenance (to replace wiring in the house either connect a new point, you need to open the wall trim;
• in the event of a failure, it is very difficult to find the exact location of the failure if you do not use special devices, for example, homemade metal detector;
• prohibited in a wooden house according PUE 7.1.38.;
• for electrical work you need more experience and a set of tools.

We recommend that you nevertheless opt for the latter method, sinceit is more durable and the whole line is not striking! When choosing high-quality components and the correct installation of electrical wiring in the house, the probability of breakage is extremely small.

Schema creation

Details of the rules for drawing up a wiring diagram are provided in the article: https://my.electricianexp.com/en/kak-sostavit-sxemu-elektroprovodki-pered-remontom.html. Briefly tell you the most basic thing you need to know. In order to draw a wiring diagram, you must first provide for the location of the following elements in a private house:

• determine where the input cable enters and where the electrical panel will be located;
• automation (RCD, circuit breakervoltage relays, difavtomaty, possibly SPD);
• powerful household appliances (for example, a washing machine, electric boiler, stove), because it needs a separate power line;
• ceiling lamps;
• sockets, switches, distribution boxes.

The following requirements and recommendations should be noted when creating an electrical wiring diagram in a house:

1. Wires should pass along the walls and ceiling only strictly vertically and horizontally. Turn should be at right angles. Can also conduct electrical wiring on the floorif you use a special electrical plinth.
2. Place the wiring on the wall should be at a distance of 20 cm from the ceiling, while to placesinstallation of sockets and circuit breakers go straight down.
3. From the door and window openings, the network should pass at a distance of 10 cm.
4. Switches must be made at a distance of 80 cm (or 150 cm) from the floor, on the side of the door handle.
5. Installation of sockets is carried out at a distance of 30 cm from the floor, while above the kitchen worktop sockets must be installed at a height of 10 cm.
6. In rooms with high humidity, switches and sockets are not recommended. According to GOST R 50571.11-96 (IEC 364-7-701-84) Electrical installations of buildings. Part 7. Requirements for special electrical installations. Section 701. Bathrooms and showers. ” It is best to bring all the necessary elements outside the room. If you want to place sockets and switches in the bathroom, check out the article:https://my.electricianexp.com/en/gde-i-kak-raspolozhit-rozetki-v-vannoj-komnate.html.

Based on the recommendations, proceed to creating your own wiring project.

You can use one of the following wiring diagrams in a residential building as an example:

It is best to use a photocopy of the plan of your home for such purposes, because the exact dimensions of the rooms and the placement of windows, doors, and walls are observed in this documentation.

After the design scheme is completed, we proceed to the marking work.

Marking work

Marking works are drawing on the walls with chalk or coal the cable route, as well as the installation locations of its elements. To quickly and smoothly make a route of electrical wiring, it is recommended to use a rope pre-painted in chalk (or coal). Such a rope is correctly called a marking or painting cord, you can see how to use it in the photo below:

All that is needed to create one of the sections is to fix one end of the rope in its original position and carefully stretch it to the end point (so that the painted rope does not touch the wall). After this, the rope must be pulled and sharply released so that the trace remains on the wall. Learn more about how to make wall markings for wiring, you can from our separate article.

After the marking is completed, it is recommended to photograph the walls in a private house. This will allow you to quickly find wiring when it is replaced or repaired.

Selection of wiring accessories

At this stage, it is necessary to select all the planned electrical products for wiring. Do not save on materials if you want your wiring to last a long time. This issue is discussed in detail in a separate article: materials for electrical installation, in the framework of this article we will highlight the most important.